What will you be doing at Kids Judge:

• We will have 3 containers of water, one with warm water (about 45 degrees Celsius or 113 degrees Fahrenheit), one with cold water (about 4 degrees Celsius or 40 degrees Fahrenheit), and one neutral or room temperature (about 25-30 degrees Celsius or 77-86 degrees Fahrenheit)  
  
• How do you convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit??
• Here is a Web Site to do the Conversions for You!
• OR- if you want to do it yourself: C= 5/9 (F- 32) or F= 9/5 (C+32)
  

• How warm is the warm water? It does not have to be super hot! We do not want anyone to get burned
• The warm water would feel like you were taking a warm bath
  
• You will stick you left hand in the warm water and your right hand in the cold water
• Leave your hand in the water until it adjust to the temperature and it feels neutral/normal
• You will then quickly put your hands into the middle container of neutral water
• Which hand is cold now and which hand is warm???????
• the hand that was in the warm water will now feel cold
• the hand that was in the cold water will now feel warm

Why did this happen??:

• The temperature of the hand is raised from normal when it is in the warm water
• This feeling of warmth, then turns to a normal feeling because you leave it in there so long
• When you move this hand into the room temperature water, this lowers the temperature of the hand back back to what it normally is and makes it feel cold because your hand temperature had been raised
• The increase of the temperature in the warm water turns on cold receptors and turns off warm receptors
• When the hand is placed in the cold water, the temperature is lowered from normal to a lower temperature
• When the feeling of cold goes away, and a normal feeling returns because your hand has been in there so long this is called adaptation
• When you move this hand into the room temperature water, this increases the temperature of the hand and makes it feel warm
• The decrease in temperature in the cold water turns on warm receptors and turns off cold receptors

What is a receptor that feels this??:

• These receptors are called thermal receptors
• There are some that respond to warmth and some that respond to cold
• These receptors are in your skin
• These receptors send the information of what they are feeling to the brain through action potentials
• Want some more information on these receptors- visit the tutorial below!
• Tutorial on Receptors in the Skin
  
• Where are these receptors in your body?- All over!
• there are more of these receptors in some parts than others

                                                                                     
                                                                         Picture from: http://www.ott.doe.gov/coolcar/strategies.html

• There are many kinds of receptors in your skin with different receptor endings
  
• To see pictures of them all visit Skin Receptors- Different Receptor Endings
• The free nerve endings are another name for the thermal receptors discussed above
• Free nerve endings can detect thermal stimuli
  
• There are actually 4 kinds of skin
• Mucocutaneous: at the junction of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, and tongue
• Mucous Membrane: lining the inside of body orifices
• Glabrous: skin without hair
• Hairy: skin with hair
• 
• the free nerve endings in this picture are the thermal receptors- they detect thermal stimuli
  

                                                Picture from: http://kameras.ucsd.edu/~ffilimon/107B/skinreceptors.jpg

• Where does this information go to in the brain?
• It goes through our spinal cord up into our brains
• It goes to the Somatosensory Cortex
• To see this path click here: Pathway to the Brain
  
• 
  

                           From: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/twopt.html       
What worked for Kid's Judge?

• The negative afterimage buttons that we made (of the flags and stop sign) were a big hit.
• Get excited, they get excited the more you are!
• Don't get too technical, but explain the basic behind the hot and cold idea because they are there to learn
• The presentation we did were they stared at the red light for 20 seconds, then looked in their hand and saw a green dot, then looked at the wall and the dot got bigger
• we then flashed the lights on and off and the dot went from green to red, back to green
• we then ran out in the hallway and looked at the dot and it was really big
• this is why the moon looks big
• this was a very big hit!