Edmund M. Kosmahl, PT, EdD

Department of Physical Therapy - University of Scranton

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 GONIOMETRY WEB SITE

CERVICAL SPINE FORWARD BENDING (flexion)

 || Intro. || || Upper Ext. || || Lower Ext. || || Spine || || TMJ ||

 cervical spine flexion goniometry picture


Test Position

 

  • Subject sitting with lumbar and thoracic spines supported
  • Stabilize lumbar and thoracic spines
  • Flex cervical spine

Normal Range

 

  • 75.5o + or - 8.5o (20 - 29 yrs.), 70.5o + or - 17.5o (30 - 49 yrs.), 64.5o + or - 7o (>50 yrs.) (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • 60o (American Medical Association)

Goniometer Alignment

  • Axis – external auditory meatus
  • Stationary arm – vertical
  • Moving arm – aligned with nostrils

Normal End Feel

  • Capsular or ligamentous

 || Intro. || || Upper Ext. || || Lower Ext. || || Spine || || TMJ ||

To First Goniometry Page

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