Edmund M. Kosmahl, PT, EdD

Department of Physical Therapy - University of Scranton

HOME PAGES > | Dr. Kosmahl | PT Department | University of Scranton |
DR. KOSMAHL > | Contact Info | Schedule | Presentations | Publications | Education | Other |
COURSES > | PT245 Biomechanics | PT350 Intro to Ther Ex | PT 351 Orthopaedic PT |
| PT375 Kinesiology | PT378 Electrotherapy | PT452 Industrial PT |

 GONIOMETRY WEB SITE

ELBOW FLEXION

 || Intro. || || Upper Ext. || || Lower Ext. || || Spine || || TMJ ||

 

Elbow Flexion Goniometry Picture

 

Test Position

  • Subject supine
  • Shoulder neutral (arm at side)
  • Forearm supinated
  • Elbow flexed
  • Stabilize arm

 

Normal Range

  • 141.0o  + or -  4.9o (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • 140.0o (American Medical Association)
  • 142.9o (mean), 5.6o (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)

Goniometer Alignment

  • Axis – lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Stationary arm – aligned with humerus (center of acromion process)
  • Moving arm – aligned with radius (styloid process)

Normal End Feel

  • Soft tissue approximation (capsular for thin subjects)

 || Intro. || || Upper Ext. || || Lower Ext. || || Spine || || TMJ ||

To First Goniometry Page

copyright 1999 E. Kosmahl                  send e-mail to Dr. Kosmahl