Annotated Citation/Reaction 2

Haber, R. N., & Haber, L. (2000).  Experiencing, Remembering and Reporting Events [Electronic Version].  Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 6(4), 1057-1097.

Loftus, E. (2003).  Make-Believe Memories [Electronic Version].  American Psychologist, 58(11), 867-873.

Porter, S., Spencer, L., & Birt, A. R. (2003).  Blinded by Emotion? Effect of Emotionality if a Scene on Susceptibility to False Memories [Electronic Version].  Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 35(30), 1650175.

            This study demonstrates the susceptibility of people witnessing an event to remember a false detail by misinformation in post event interviews and the effect of emotions in accurately remembering memories.  The experiment showed a sample of ninety students divided into three different groups which viewed either a negative, neutral or positive picture of an emotional scene (i.e. an accident).  They were told to analyze the picture and then an hour later was subjected to ten questions. Five of the ten questions for half of the people in each of the three groups were dedicated to misleading information with false details.  Compared to the group witnessing events involving the neutral and positive based emotions, the negative emotionality groups outcome of the study consisted of more then half of the people subjected to the misleading questions, recalled the false detail an hour after looking at the picture.  They also remembered fewer central details, more peripheral details and their memory was less accurate in recalling certain information from the picture.

            I find this interesting because this study demonstrates conditions which involve eyewitness testimony, something that is crucial and constant in courts and police reports on a daily basis.  Misleading questions can mislead your memory into believing something that did not happen.  Due to the inaccuracy of eyewitness testimonies, this study demonstrates that witnesses of crime due to their emotions are vulnerable to suggestibility by questioning and may in fact mislead investigators of facts and can even lead to misidentifying  criminals.