Jaffee, S., & Hyde, J. (2000) Gender differences in moral orientation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 703-726.

Kampmeier, C., & Simon, B. (2001) Individuality and group formation: The role of independence and differentiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 448-462.

Tsang, J. (2002) Moral rationalization and the Integration of situational factors and psychological processes in immoral behavior. Review of General Psychology, 6, 25-50.

Tsang-

This article attempts to explain the reanon people do bad things “such as cheating on taxes … [and] such as the Holocaust” (26). The process that is believed that people go through is called moral rationalization. This process allows people to violate their morals without feeling they have. In some situations, such as the Milgram studies, the participants are in an agentic state and feel that their responsibility out weights or releases them from their morals. The article also talks about rationalization and dehumanization of individuals as seen in the Stanford prison study. The Study basically shows how easy it is for people to make immoral decisions and still maintain a positive view of themselves.